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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00445_Field_445.txt
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1996-12-31
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Before this figure is perceived
as a transparent square in front
of a background of differing
lightnesses, it may be
fleetingly perceived as eight
regions of different lightnesses
in the same plane.
The resulting perceptions
that occur at this stage are
highly correlated with the
organized stimulus thought of
as a two-dimensional array. For
example, the transparency
pattern that appears here looks
like several separate regions of
differing lightnesses, and a
distant object may look small,
or a circular one like an
ellipse. However, these
proximal or literal mode
percepts are fleeting, and often
we are unaware of them.
Such fleeting percepts are
immediately superseded by
perceptions that more
veridically represent the world
and that therefore might be
referred to as perceptions in
the world (or constancy) mode.
Again, attention must be a
prerequisite for the
achievement of this level of
perception. The literal or
proximal mode percepts
remain, although they inhabit
the background of our
awareness and are not so easily
brought to the center of
attention. The world-mode
perceptions are based upon,
among other things, further
processes of organization. For
example, in the case of an
interposition pattern, figure-
ground organization within the
pattern leads to the impression
of one unit overlapping
another. Or, to give another
example, the pattern in the
illustration at left, which at
first may have looked like eight
regions of differing
lightnesses, tends to look like a
small, transparent square
through which one is looking
at another larger, black-and-
gray pattern. The latter
(transparency) percept is
preferred, much as is the
overlapping percept in the
previous example. These
perceptions refer to structures
arranged in three-dimensional
space. Moreover, as we saw in
Chapter 5, if more than one
object is encountered, it is the
one to which we attend that
will undergo the description
processing that leads to the
perception of a distinct shape.